ΓΡΑΦΕΙΟ ΤΥΠΟΥ ΠΡΩΘΥΠΟΥΡΓΟΥ
Τετάρτη, 2 Οκτωβρίου 2013
Ομιλία
του Πρωθυπουργού κ. Αντώνη Σαμαρά στην ετήσια διάλεξη
του
Ιδρύματος Σταύρος Νιάρχος με θέμα “Η Νέα Ελλάδα: παράγοντας σταθερότητας στην
Ανατολική Μεσόγειο”στο Peterson Institute for International Economics
I
would like very warmly to thank Peterson Institute for the invitation to be
here tonight and I am greatly honored by your presence sir, Mr. “Petros
Petropoulos”, really honored. You have given all of us a lot to talk about. I
met you when I was Foreign Minister back in 1990 and I ‘ve heard so much about
you from different people, both in Greece and in the US and they all love you
very much for what you are.
This
is a really unique platform for challenging brainstorming and intellectual
exchanges but I have to say that I am also honored to address this prestigious
audience for the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Annual Lecture and let me share
with you my deepest respect for the Niarchos Foundation contribution to the
Greek society those trying moments and immense hardship. It is a living example
of our best tradition of national benefactors. And let me also briefly express
my personal feelings of appreciation and friendship to Andreas Drakopoulos for the
leadership he provides to the Foundation activities.
Dear
friends,
Actually
a year ago, nobody would even think, let alone try, to associate Greece with
the notion of “stability”, either domestic or regional.
On
the contrary, we were considered to be a “trouble spot” of Europe, internally
unstable, on the verge of an exit from the Eurozone”. I am talking about the infamous
“Grexit”!
Now
- just a year later - things have drastically changed: nobody talks about
“Grexit” anymore! Everybody agrees that Greece is an integral part of the Eurozone.
And instead of “Grexit”, most people now talk about “Grecovery”, the recovery
expected to start early next year, after six consecutive years of recession. What’s
more, Greece has stabilized internally, both economically and politically, and it
is an “anchor” of stability in the middle of a rapidly destabilizing region.
I
believe this is an oxymoron. This is a paradox! In fact, last year, many
people, especially in Europe, expressed their profound fear that Greece’s
troubles might spread out to the rest of the European South. This was the
famous “contagion risk”!
Things,
however, moved exactly in the opposite direction: Greece has stabilized despite
the unprecedented destabilization in its southeastern neighborhood! So there are two questions I will address
today:
Firstly,
how did Greece stabilize against the conventional reasoning just a year ago?
And
secondly, how can the prospects of Greek stability have regional effects beyond
its borders?
On
the first count:
We
have gone through an unparalleled crisis, through which we have lost more than
25% of our GDP within 6 years, we ‘ve lost about 40% of our pre-crisis standard
of living, we have plunged into a 27% percent unemployment for the general
population and over 60% for our youth! I do not believe any other western
country has suffered from such an ordeal in the last half century.
The
US- as you know- went through the “Great
Depression” in the 30’s, along with a large part of the rest of the world. And
most people today were not even born then. Yet the “Great Depression” is
registered in everybody’s mind as a nightmare. And Greece is currently living
through a similar nightmare.
Most
outsiders thought- as I said- that we wouldn’t make it. Conventional wisdom suggests
that no society can possibly withstand a crisis of those proportions, and no
democracy can survive such a shock. I believe we proved them wrong.
In
the last 14 months we have reversed the trend. We have cut our deficit by 15%
of our GDP in just three years! We are currently- not in 2017, this will be this
year- we are currently producing a primary surplus for the first time in about
10 years! Our mid-year reassessment of the 2013 recession is smaller than
predicted by the IMF and the Commission in Europe. Our second semester unemployment
level is for the first time less than the previous semester, first time in four
years. Our banking system is fully re-capitalized for the first time after many
years. Recovery is predicted almost unanimously for 2014, interrupting six
consecutive years of deep recession. Our balance of trade has just dropped to
zero from a negative 15% of GDP in 2009. This happens for the first time also in
decades.
With
the language of the economy may I say that according to the IMF and the European
Commission data, Greece now, as it stands, has the largest cyclically corrected
surplus in the Eurozone, about 6% of our GDP! And according to the OECD data,
our cyclically corrected surplus is even higher, close to 8% of GDP! And according
to the same surveys, we are currently having a structural surplus of 2%
compared to an average structural deficit of 2% for the Eurozone as a whole!
What
do those numbers tell us? Simply, that if Greece were to reach its current
potential, if we had the money to do it, if we had the liquidity to do it, we
could finance all our expenses, including interest payments, and still leave
some surplus to reduce our yearly debt.
So
the trend is changing and the growth potential is there for Greece to get out
of the crisis!
But
what I believe was even, if I may say so, politically more difficult was that social
friction has been kept to a minimum. There are currently less and less
destabilizing incidents of social unrest. Populism is losing ground. Extremism
seemed on the rise until very recently, but- as you might have read in the
papers- we are now crushing it in a way fully within our constitutional
framework and the rule of law. And I am talking about the Golden Dawn, a
neo-fascist, neo-nazi party whose leader is currently in jail.
I
was asked to elaborate on how we dealt with the crisis. I’ d like to share with
you those principles but remember we are not there yet. But the ship is turning
around! And I believe these are the ten principles:
One,
in a crisis people need to be told the truth. We cannot hide behind
conventional wisdom, we cannot use “politically correct” cosmetic stereotypes.
When the crisis has shaken so many lives, the last thing people need, is the
empty sound of torn-down clichés.
Two,
the truth has to be tied up with a notion of hope, a “gospel” of “light at the
end of the tunnel”. But this has to be honest, has to be realistic. Not a
mirage! There must be a “promised land” when wondering through the desert.
There must be an “Ithaca” at the end of an “Odyssey”. Truth with realistic hope
can inspire people and provide for what was the big target, social cohesion.
Bits and pieces of “truth” without hope, can only fuel populism and extremism.
Three,
as the crisis deepens, we have to catch and hold “the high moral ground”. If
people cannot see any material improvement in their lives, they should at least
be able to see more justice, more security, more decisiveness from the
authorities, more efficiency in fighting corruption and crime.
Four,
during a crisis we need to keep focused on the ordinary citizens. We must
address their fears and inspire hope to them. If we just address their fears
without inspiring hope, we might lose them. If we try to inspire hope, without
addressing their fears, they won’t listen.
Five,
we need to proceed as a tight-roper. Focus at the end of the rope, but at the
same time watch every single step on the way. If we don’t focus at the end, we
will soon lose our balance. If we don’t watch every single step, we will soon
make a careless mistake.
Six,
we must always offer a “road map”, even a very simple one. If a “small plan” is
working, then people are going to believe that a major plan is in place and
will also work. The more people become confident that their leadership has a
workable plan, the more supportive they will get in difficult moments.
Seven,
don’t make the mistake of making a promise you can’t keep. And always keep a
promise you made.
Eight,
at every particular moment, we must project the right mix of decisiveness and
prudence; we should dare to act when we have to, and we should know how to wait,
when we cannot act on the spot. After all, this is what leadership is all
about: to win the moment when you can; and to gain time when you can’t win the
moment.
Nine,
in order to succeed, we have to win many “small battles” and defeat many “adversaries”.
But we should never become like our adversaries! If we want to defeat populism,
we can never become populists ourselves. If we want to defeat extremism, we can
never go to the extremes.
Few
days ago, as I told you, we crashed on a neo-Nazi group in Greece. We did it
fully abiding by the law. We proved that our legal framework is fully equipped
to deal with extremism. What was really required was political will and
decisiveness to fully implement the law.
Of
course, we must always be ready to improve the existing law to face new
challenges. But legislation alone does not solve problems automatically; it is
the political will which must persist.
Finally
ten, we don’t need to “rediscover the wheel”. I believe it is wise to invoke
past experiences and best practices. Restudying, for instance, Thucydides
helps. Going back to Xenophon, to Plato, to Aristotle, to Polybius, to Thomas
Jefferson, to Alexander Hamilton, to Abraham Lincoln, to Franklyn Delano Roosevelt,
to Winston Churchill, to Charles De Gaulle or Konrad Adenauer also helps. Going
back to their readings, is more than an intellectual challenge. It is very rich
with “food for thought” and valuable insights at difficult times.
And
this is exactly what you need in trying moments. To think “out of the box”! It
is amazing how much past historical experiences can help us do just that: think
out of our current little “boxes”…
Dear
friends,
let
me also share with you a very recent geopolitical or, if you wish, geostrategic development in our region that
offers rich and new opportunities.
Greece
is going through a deep crisis, currently making its first steps out of it. But
we are not alone in that. Cyprus is going through a similar painful path. It is
also coming out gradually. Israel has gone through different crises in the last
decades…
And
all three countries have other things in common as well:
They
are all western types of Democracy.
They
have natural resources in the sea area among them, resources they need to develop and transport. So there
is a large scope in their cooperation. And in a few years, when all these
resources combined will be fully developed. There is a latest geological survey
here in the United States which says that they could provide for almost 50% of
the total European demand in energy!
Thus,
they can simultaneously address three types of energy problems for Europe: They
can provide for environmentally friendly energy, they can provide for cheap
energy and they can provide for energy diversification for Europe.
These
countries know how to achieve stability, they appreciate the value of stability
and they understand that stability can offer synergies.
They
have good reason to join forces, since they share common values of Freedom,
Democracy, Security, Justice and Prosperity.
They
must combine their efforts and exhaust their synergies, because there is no
Freedom without Security, as there is no Peace without Justice; in the very
same manner there is no Prosperity without Peace and Stability.
So,
dear friends,
I am
saying this because the great ambition that really defined the US throughout
its history, is to become “the beacon of hope” for the rest of the world, for
peoples and countries aspiring to Freedom, to Independence and to Democracy.
Today,
in our troubled world, we also need “local beacons of hope”.
And
certainly in our most troubled region, the Eastern Mediterranean, we need as
many local “beacons of hope” as possible.
So
that all other peoples in our region, fighting against extremism, fanaticism
and deprivation, will not feel alone.
Indeed,
Freedom, Justice and Democracy can bring many people together, across country
borders and across civilizations, especially in destabilized regions where they
are mostly needed.
Greece
is on the southeastern tip of the European Union.
Starting
next January, Greece will assume the six-month Presidency of the Union. Obviously,
Europe has a large stake on the stability of the Eastern Mediterranean. The
United States has also a large stake on the stability of the region. Cyprus - another
EU member - needs stability; and Israel needs it as well.
So, Greece
can be the “link”, if you want the “catalyst”, to all these different needs
that boil down to one focal demand: regional stability and security.
And Greece
can help generate synergies among different countries having similar or
compatible concerns in the Eastern Mediterranean.
In a
nutshell, it’s all about the different dimensions and the incredible dynamics
of hope:
Realistic
hope reshapes and stabilizes our country, as we speak; whereas local “beacons
of hope”, teaming up, can reshape and stabilize our region.
But
these “beacons of hope” is more than just a word:
Because
Hope is the antidote to our worst fears.
Hope
is the bridge we cross, when we leave behind the nightmares of the past and
dare our most ambitious plans for the future.
Hope
is what defines us, when we take our destiny in our hands.
Hope
is the most idealistic part of human nature.
But
at the same time, Hope is the most realistic requirement for our common
pursuit: Freedom, Security, Growth and Prosperity
Thank
you very much.
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